China’s restructuring of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) represents more than just a military reorganization—it’s a bold statement of Beijing’s ambitions to challenge American interests and reshape the global balance of power.
For decades, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has viewed the United States as the primary obstacle to its goal of national rejuvenation, which includes the forced unification of Taiwan and the expansion of authoritarian influence worldwide. The PLA’s modernization is not only a direct threat to America’s allies in the Indo-Pacific—most notably Taiwan—but also a calculated strategy to undermine democracy and freedom on a global scale.
Xi Jinping’s vision of the “great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” hinges on building a modern, capable military to safeguard China’s development, territorial integrity, and the survival of the Communist Party (CCP). Drawing lessons from historical humiliations, such as imperial decline and Japanese occupation, Xi underscores military strength as essential to national security. Since taking power, he has prioritized modernizing the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) by overhauling command structures, updating training, and strengthening civil-military technological cooperation.
Central to this modernization is Beijing’s goal of “full reunification,” with Taiwan seen as essential to China’s sovereignty and stability. The CCP views Taiwan’s independence as a threat, dismisses its democratic elections as illegitimate, and justifies the use of force through the 2005 Anti-Secession Law if peaceful reunification fails. To achieve this, the PRC is building a world-class military capable of asserting control over Taiwan and countering external challenges.
The restructuring of the PLA is central to Xi Jinping’s vision of transforming China’s military into a world-class force by mid-century. This strategy, outlined at the 19th Party Congress in 2017, establishes clear milestones: achieving mechanization and technological advancements by 2020, completing national defense modernization by 2035, and building a globally dominant military by 2049. The 2027 modernization milestone focuses on integrating mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, enhancing the PLA’s capacity to support the forced annexation of Taiwan. […]
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